Figure of Speech · Syntax & Structure

Periphrasis

Periphrasis uses a roundabout or indirect way of expressing something, rather than stating it directly. It involves using more words than necessary to describe a simple concept, often to create a more elaborate or poetic effect. Periphrasis is commonly used in poetry, but can be found in other forms of writing as well. By using periphrasis, writers can create a more complex and nuanced meaning, or convey a sense of richness or depth in their writing.

Periphrasis expresses a referent or idea through an expanded indirect phrase instead of a shorter ordinary term. In this project it emphasizes stylistically meaningful or descriptive renaming, while acknowledging substantial overlap with Circumlocution.

The keeper of the city's midnight lights arrived at dusk.
An expanded descriptive phrase substitutes for lamplighter.

See it in language

Examples of Periphrasis

  1. The keeper of the city's midnight lights arrived at dusk.

    Instructional example

  2. She asked the keeper of our shared memories to speak first.

    Instructional example

    The indirect title elaborately renames the family historian.

  3. He sought the place where unfinished journeys sleep.

    Instructional example

    A poetic periphrasis replaces a direct name such as station or harbor in context.

Show more examples
  1. "The bright and shining orb in the sky"

    — This is a periphrasis for the sun, using multiple words to describe the simple concept of the sun.

  2. "The king of the jungle"

    — This is a periphrasis for a lion, using a more complex and descriptive phrase to evoke a sense of majesty and power.

  3. "The liquid gold of the vine"

    — This is a periphrasis for wine, using a more poetic and evocative description to convey the richness and value of the beverage.

  4. "The city that never sleeps"

    — This is a periphrasis for New York City, using a descriptive phrase to evoke the energy and vibrancy of the city.

  5. "The land down under"

    — This is a periphrasis for Australia, using a descriptive phrase to create a sense of place and identity.

Read like an editor

How to recognize it

  1. Identify the shorter ordinary term the longer phrase could replace.
  2. Examine the descriptive or figurative information added by expansion.
  3. Explain whether the indirectness creates elevation, emphasis, avoidance, or poetic texture.

Meaning and effect

Why writers use Periphrasis

Create emphasis
Writers may use it to create emphasis for readers.
Create vivid comparison
Its pattern can create vivid comparison in context.
Develop tone
The device can develop tone through its distinctive textual mechanism.

Questions readers ask

Frequently asked questions

Is Periphrasis the same as Circumlocution?

They often overlap; this project uses Periphrasis when stylistic renaming is the clearest analytical emphasis.

Is every long phrase Periphrasis?

No. It must indirectly replace a simpler expression or referent.